What is Naegleria fowleri?

Naegleria fowleri is a single-celled amoeba that can cause a rare but severe and often fatal brain infection called primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). This amoeba is commonly found in warm freshwater environments, such as lakes, hot springs, and poorly maintained swimming pools. Naegleria fowleri infection is extremely rare, with only a few cases reported worldwide each year.

The infection typically occurs when contaminated water enters the body through the nose, usually during activities like swimming or diving. Once inside the nasal cavity, the amoeba can migrate to the brain, causing inflammation and destruction of brain tissue. It is important to note that Naegleria fowleri does not cause illness if consumed orally or if the contaminated water is not inhaled through the nose.

Initial symptoms of Naegleria fowleri infection usually appear within one to nine days and may include severe headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, and a stiff neck. As the infection progresses, symptoms can worsen and may include seizures, hallucinations, confusion, loss of balance, and coma. The infection progresses rapidly and is typically fatal, with only a small number of reported survivors.

It’s worth noting that Naegleria fowleri infections are rare, and the amoeba does not thrive in properly chlorinated swimming pools or in saltwater bodies. The best prevention measures include avoiding warm freshwater sources where the amoeba may be present, using nose clips or keeping the head above water during water activities in freshwater, and properly maintaining and disinfecting swimming pools and hot tubs.

If you have concerns about Naegleria fowleri or suspect an infection, it is important to seek immediate medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the chances of survival, although the infection remains challenging to treat.